Anal Cancer

Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the anus. The anus is the end of the large intestine, below the rectum, through which stool (solid waste) leaves the body. The anus is formed partly from the outer, skin layers of the body and partly from the intestine. Two ring-like muscles, called sphincter muscles, open and close the anal opening to let stool pass out of the body. The anal canal, the part of the anus between the rectum and the anal opening, is about 1½ inches long.

Anatomy of the lower digestive system, showing the colon and other organs.

The skin around the outside of the anus is called the perianal area. Tumors in this area are skin tumors, not analcancer.

Being infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) can affect the risk of developing anal cancer.

Types of anal cancer

Squamous cell cancer

About 9 out of 10 (90%) anal cancers are squamous cell cancers, sometimes called epidermoid cancers.

There are 3 types of squamous cell anal cancer

* Large cell keratinising

* Large cell non keratinising (also called transitional)

* Basaloid

Non keratinising and basaloid cancers are sometimes grouped together as 'cloacogenic’ anal cancer. A keratinising cancer has keratin (the protein that forms your hair and nails) in the cancer cells. This type of anal cancer starts in the transitional zone of the anal canal, where the squamous cells meet the glandular cells. All the squamous cell types of anal cancer are treated in the same way.

Non epidermoid cancer

The other 1 out of 10 anal cancers (10%) are adenocarcinoma, small cell cancers, ‘ undifferentiated’ cancers (known as basaloid cancers) and melanomas. This group is known as non-epidermoid cancers. They behave differently to squamous cell anal cancers, so the treatment is different.

Cancers that start at the anal margin, usually look more like normal cells (they are ‘ well differentiated’). Anal margin tumours are more common in men than women. Cancers that start higher up in the anal canal are more common in women.

Adenocarcinoma

This is a rare type of anal cancer that affects the glandular cells that produce mucus in the anal canal. Only 5% of anal cancers are this type. This type of anal cancer is treated in the same way as rectal cancer. Basal cell carcinoma

This is a type of skin cancer and it develops in the area around the anus. You can find information about treatment of basal cell cancers in the skin cancer section of CancerHelp UK.

Melanoma

This is another type of skin cancer. These cancers develop from the cells that produce melanin, the pigment or colour for the skin. Treatment is the same as for other melanomas.

Diagnosis of Anal Cancer

Possible signs of anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus.

These and other symptoms may be caused by anal cancer. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. A doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur: -

* Bleeding from the anus or rectum.

* Pain or pressure in the area around the anus.

* Itching or discharge from the anus.

* A lump near the anus.

* A change in bowel habits.

Tests that examine the rectum and anus are used to detect (find) and diagnose anal cancer.

The following tests and procedures may be used: -

* Physical exam and history: – An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.

* Digital rectal examination (DRE): – An exam of the anus and rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.

* Anoscopy: – An exam of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope.

* Proctoscopy: – An exam of the rectum using a short, lighted tube called a proctoscope.

* Endo-anal or endorectal ultrasound: – A procedure in which an ultrasound transducer (probe) is inserted into the anus or rectum and used to bounce high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram.

* Biopsy: – The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. If an abnormal area is seen during the anoscopy, a biopsy may be done at that time.

 

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Primary among these is that pre-menopausal women aren’t at a significant risk of developing this type of cancer. However, the American Cancer Society revealed that this is the leading cause of death by cancer for women between the ages of 20 to 59 in the United States.Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines Hence age is less of an indicator of risk for cancer of the breast than first thought to be. Increasing awareness of among all strata of women is the role of breast cancer bracelets.

Why breast cancer bracelets?

Cancer of the breast is an insidious disease affecting the lives of millions of American women today. Breast cancer bracelets help increase the awareness of the symptoms, causes and treatment in an effort to stem the disease before it gets to a critical stage. The legendary cyclist Lance Armstrong, a cancer survivor himself, once wore a yellow bracelet with the words ‘Live Strong’ at the Tour de France, to advocate the need for cancer survivors to overcome the disease and move on in life with faith and courage.

His example paved the way for pink bracelets to be worn at fund-raising events such as cancer runs and walks. Inspiring words such as ‘Hope’ or ‘Faith’ and ‘Courage’ are very often etched on the bracelet. Pink is the color of cancer of the breast awareness in the same way as red is stands for awareness of HIV and AIDS.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

The corresponding ribbon is also pink in color. This beautiful shade of color was chosen for its liveliness and positive vibe to cancer sufferers. Hope is an essential element in the treatment of this cancer. With hope, cancer sufferers can look forward to a day when they will be cancer free. The absence of hope defeats even the best medical properties.

Pink is a lovely color often associated with women and by purchasing breast cancer bracelets, a portion of the money will be donated to research into the disease. The Cancer Research Foundation thrives on money generated through such generous contributions and has paved the way for new cures and treatment to help cancer sufferers manage and fight the disease.

These bracelets are now in the forefront of the battle against cancer. It’s a perennial message of hope and courage to cancer victims. You can do your part to raise awareness by promoting the use of attractive breast cancer bracelets.

Therefore a breast cancer walk is an ideal way to promote awareness of this insidious disease that affects the lives of numerous women in the United States today.

Risk Factors

A breast cancer walk increases awareness of the risk factors of cancer of the breast. Among these are: a family history of this type of cancer, early onset of menarche or late menopause as well as a personal history of abnormalities of the breast or a breast disease which was diagnosed as benign. Even a high fat diet can contribute to its development. Genetics have long been associated as a possible contributing factor to the disease.

After lung cancer, cancer of the breast is the second most common cause of cancer among women. Therefore it’s beneficial for women to be aware of the causes of this disease, the symptoms and how it can be treated. Management is an important part of cancer awareness.

Breast Cancer Walk

The breast cancer walk is considered one of the most important awareness programs for this cancer. This 3 day walk is a benefit program that aims to raise funds. This is an important walk that benefits victims of cancer of the breast. Both men and women participate in this 3 day walk that covers 60 miles and involves millions of Americans all over the country. It’s an ideal opportunity for participants to further understand this dangerous disease and help spread the word among their family, friends and associates.

By being a participant in this walk, you can meet plenty of like minded people from all walks of life. You can share your experience and learn how others have coped with the disease. There are countless people along the route who offer food and drinks to all the participants and safety nets make the experience fulfilling and safe for everyone involved. Medical volunteers are on standby to ensure that that anyone who needs medical attention during the walk will get it promptly.

Breast cancer walk is a great idea to spread the awareness of cancer of the breast. It’s also lots of fun involving physical activity that everyone can join in. You’ll be doing your bit for a good cause.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here

Cancer is often misdiagnosed because we all want to believe that we are invincible and it could not happen to us. Well it can. Cancer has no favorites. Cancer, in its early stages has few if any symptoms because it works from the inside out. Some symptoms can be attributed to numerous other causes or simply ignored because, “it’s just a little sore throat.” Misdiagnosis can also come from inadequate testing, misinterpretation or something is overlooked.

It was the phone call that we did not want to get. The doctor was just rather blunt about it. It is cancer but I don’t know where the mother tumor is. Since the swelling was in my lymph node in my neck, he said that the mother tumor was either in the lungs or somewhere between there and the brain. That kind of puts you in a tail spin.

Explore all the research you can for your particular type of treatment that is available. Inquire to others. Do not leave it all up to your doctor. When I found out about a particular treatment, I asked my doctor and he mentioned that he had heard of it but not that familiar with it. It was ultimately the treatment I chose.

One half of these patients were given aloe vera juice thrice a day in conjunction with their chemotherapy regimen. The other half had only their standard chemotherapy. Results revealed that patients undergoing standard treatment with aloe supplementation manifested a better quality of life, higher survival rates (more than 3 years) and lesser chemotherapy side effects.

One of the best ways to maintain healthy teeth and prevent decay is through diet. Eating badly helps damage your teeth and eating well helps fight tooth decay. The fewer cavities you have and the healthier lifestyle you live, the greater the chance the genes in your cells will not be damaged. Healthy genes equal healthy cells and that equates to a cancer-free body.

To beat cancer effectively you need all of the help you can get. Much of that help is found in a cancer diet rich in foods that kill cancer cells, and proper drinking water to adequately hydrate your body. A cancer diet that is rich in cancer fighting compounds and nutrients, such as beta carotene, polyphenols, anti-oxidants and other such compounds, is crucial.

Now, I don’t know about the rest of you, but I sure as heck wouldn’t want my health to worsen from treatment if the whole point of receiving it is so that I would be healthier. Had the actor known about Hyperthermia, and chose this noninvasive treatment instead, he would’ve still had his voice, maintained his appetite, and even gain more strength.

Oropharyngeal and mouth cancer kill someone in the UK every five hours according to some very disturbing statistics. The fact that most of these deaths could have been prevented is tragic. More men die from mouth cancer than women. Cancer Research UK reports that while oral cancer mortality rates among men aged 75+ have fallen by more than sixty percent during the last 30 years, mouth cancer mortality rates for men aged 45-64 have increased by an alarming sixty nine percent during the same period.

herbal cancer treatments:

1. Also try to put a limit on your cola intake. Sodas usually counteract the body’s anti-oxidants and increase the speed for the degeneration of cells, which can lead to a less resistance for cancer growth.

2. You should also avoid smoking. Smoking is the one of the main causes of lung, throat and tongue cancer. Also be sure to also avoid secondary smoke.

3. Lower amount of sweets you eat. Eating too many sweet foods can increase the chance of developing tumors and lower the body’s defense against the growth of cancer.

Cancer is one of the most feared negative afflictions for the body, with over 100 different forms and with medical studies proving that at least one in three people will be affected by cancer at some stage in their life. This is why billions of dollars have been devoted to finding a cure, but what people are forgetting is that there is something that works better than expensive medicine. Natural cancer cures!

Mouth cancer in cats is an extremely serious condition, and if it not detected early, it is almost always fatal. It is estimated that about one third of all cats will die from some form of cancer, and watching for and understanding the early symptoms can make the difference between life and death for your cat.

Oral cancers are closely related to the habits of smoking and drinking alcohol. These cancers can be devastating and often go undiagnosed. If you are or have been a smoker, check your oral cavity for changes. Changes you do find should be seen by a health professional. The best thing you can do to reduce your risk of developing oral cancers is to quit smoking. Join a quit smoking program and get the support and assistance you need to become smoke free for good.

Symptom:

The symptoms for oral cancer are very general which might sometimes turn out to be some other disease but nevertheless it is better to go to a dentist or a general physician or ENT specialist to rule out any possibility. The few visible symptoms are: white or red patch on the lips, inside of the mouth or around mouth which has been there for long , loose teeth, bleeding from mouth.

According to the National Cancer Institute, there were more than 2.5 million women in 2006 who had a history of any type of breast cancer, and have managed to survive the ordeal.

To give you an idea about just how serious this disease is, take a look at some other statistics:

- Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer (next to lung cancer) in both men and women.

- Breast cancer is the 5th most common cause of cancer-related deaths.

- Breast cancer is 100 times more frequent in women than in men – although the survival rate is equal in both sexes.

As you may already know, breast cancer is a type of cancer which starts in the cells of the breasts in both men and women. Although it does occur more frequently in women, the severity of the illness is just as serious where men are concerned.

Here, we will try to learn a few more things about women's breasts that you may not necessarily have known about. How do these facts about women's breasts affect the probability of having breast cancer? Read on to find out.

7 Things You Probably Didn't Know about Breasts

As mentioned earlier, what we will provide you with is a list of the top 7 things that you probably didn't know about breasts.

Half of these facts do not necessarily have anything to do with breast cancer, but half of them are related to the incidence of this serious disease. Take a look at the following list:

1. A woman's breasts swell during sex.

Traditionally, a woman's breasts represent her femininity and it's also a symbol of motherhood. Now, if you are tangling the sheets with your significant other, do you feel as if your breasts are swelling when you are already sexually aroused? There is a basis to this and it actually does in fact physically swell.

According to the British Medical Journal, women do experience up to 25% of swelling in their breasts when they are indulging in sexual activity. This is caused by the feeling of arousal and the hormonal surge in a woman's body. In addition, swollen breasts become the body's natural way of boosting its seductive powers from a man's point of view.

2. Breastfeeding can actually help you lose weight.

Whether you're a first-time, second-time or third-time mom, you will notice significant changes in your body during your entire pregnancy – especially when it comes to your breasts.

During the pregnancy stage, the breasts become larger in size due to lactation.

But did you know that if you do go for breastfeeding over feeding your baby with formula milk, it can actually help you lose weight? [

—Making simple lifestyle and diet changes can save your life

Although medical science is developing rapidly and bio-scientists are diagnosing almost every foreign disease and getting them cured, cancer is still incurable.

It is fatal, but what we can do is just avoid this ailment making few changes in our lifestyle. heckout, which are the best ways to reduce substantial risks of cancer:

1. Avoid smoking

Smoking is one of the most perilous habits, which can lead you to different sorts of cancer including lung cancer, throat cancer and many other more.

If you are serious about your health and diminishing cancer risks, stop smoking as soon as possible.

It is even said that smoking one cigarette can decrease your lifetime by one minute. So imagine how many minutes have already been cut down from your life after you have smoked several packs a week.

So the next time you see someone smoking just tell that person, "Hey, stop using cancer sticks!"

2. Moderate Sunbathing

Nevertheless, vitamin D is important to reduce cancerous risks and sunlight lets us enjoy a good dose of this vitamin. However, too much of sun exposure is also hazardous, as it leads to severe skin burns that can cause cancer.

Because tanning has become one of the favorite pastimes of socialized individuals, the occurrence of skin cancer has become more and more predominant nowadays.

When exposing yourself outdoors during broad daylight, it is best that you use lotions with the recommended degree of SPF or sun protection factor so as to prevent harmful rays from penetrating deep into your skin.

3. No alcohol

Alcohol increases the chances of developing breast cancer. In accordance with a medical research, one to two of alcoholic drinks a day increase the risk of cancer by 32% while more than three drinks a day make it 51%.

Although it is well established by theory that alcohol can be necessary to carry out some of the body's daily processes, still only a small amount of it is recommended. Don't binge, just drink moderately.

4. Distances from Microwave

Home appliances have brought too much comfort for us but these are perilous as well. Standing in front of microwave once in a while is not too dangerous, but your addiction to this can damage your DNA and increase cancer risks.

5. Lazy dog lost the race

It was not just that lazy dog that lost the race from the quick brown fox; laziness can kill any one. In accordance with experts, non-activeness of the body makes one very prone to cancer, as it is one of the major reasons for extra pounds of the body that work in numerous ways to increase the cancer risk. Laziness can bring hazards of colon cancer and breast cancer.

6. Assessment of your workplace

Does your work job deal with chemicals, field works or woodcrafts? If yes then you must take proper precautions by wearing proactive masks and gloves. If your workplace is enclosed, you can checkout for proper ventilation.

People who work as a laundry person, painter and carpenter should take advanced measures to diminish the risk, as their jobs are considered at greater risk for cancer.

7. Avoid passive smoking

Yes, you don't smoke but your friends do. They are sponsoring cancer not only for themselves but also for you.

A smoke breath enhances the risk of lung cancer including cancers of the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidney, bladders and many other fatal outcomes.

You must avoid passive exposure to cigarette smokes. A shocking research done on 'harms of cigarette smoking' says that people, who smoke regularly, gifts incurable cardiovascular diseases to their spouse.

8. Make sure that your water is pure

Get your water tested and read the regular reports provided by the town municipality on the purity of drinking water in your area to know whether it is up to the mark or not.

9. Limited consumption of red-meat

Though, white-meat is suggested for good health, red-meat has adverse effects. If you are consuming red-meat more than two days a week, you can be linked with diseases such as colon cancer.

10. Eat organic colors

Colorful vegetables and leaves are very effective in reducing cancer risks, as red colored spices and vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes, white colored onions and garlic, blue berries and plums, yellow colored peppers and sweet potatoes, green peas and broccolis are considered very good for your health.

But one must avoid eating artificial food colors as they work otherwise.

11. Stop eating overcooked meats and high-temperature cooked meats

Charred meats are cancer backers. According to cancer specialists, overcooked and high-temperature cooked meats produce chemicals, which are very cancerous.

12. Pesticide residues should be avoided

Washing, peeling and removing the outermost parts of leafy vegetables reduces exposure to pesticides.

It is always better to buy organic foods, as these are produced without using pesticides.

Corn and strawberries, which are organically grown, contains significantly higher levels of antioxidants; these antioxidants are supposed to be more active cancer fighters than antioxidants that are available in conventionally grown foods [cancer fighting foods]. This fact is supported by a study published in the 'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.'

13. Opt for safe sex

If you are opting for a safe and loyal sex, you are not increasing your life but also that of your partner. In fact, women who have more partners are more prone to cancer.

With larger number of partners, a woman has to face greater risks of herpes that causes cervical cancer. Hence, a secured sex reduces risks of HIV as well as cancer.

14. Frequent X-rays should be avoided

Your doctors and dentists ask for x-rays on every check-up, next time you inform them that you do not want to go for x-rays unless they are a must. Instead of going for unnecessary x-rays, you can show the copy of your most recent x-ray report to your medical advisors.

15. Eat fish but choose wisely

Fish consumption is good for your health; due to the adequate presence of omega-3 fatty acids, they are supposed to be the best diet for a healthy heart, perfect eye-sight and shiny hairs.

They also work nicely in decreasing hazards of cancer but the most important thing to do is making a wise selection of eatable fish.

Before buying fish you should make sure that the fish you are going to buy is not a polluted water fish. Polluted water fishes generally accumulate dangerous chemicals inside them. Doctors also suggest for a limited intake of fatty fish such as carp, catfish, bash, shark, etc.

16. Lesser intake of salt

To follow a healthy diet plan, you should not ingest more than 6 grams of salt. Numerous medical studies clarify that an increased intake of salt doubles the risk of stomach cancer.

17. Say 'No' to junk food

Nevertheless, junk foods are tastier and easily available but nowadays it has become the biggest supporter of cancer. Stuffed with loads of fat, these eatables increase the level of cholesterol in your body and invite obesity, which is believed to be the mother of cancer.

By following all of these guidelines, you are doing yourself a favor to lessen your risk and exposure from harmful elements that can lead to cancer. This disease is life threatening, but you can employ lots of measures to prevent it from even happening.