Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Program

What is Breast Cancer?

The term breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. The breast is composed of two main types of tissues: glandular tissues and stromal (supporting) tissues. Glandular tissues house the milk-producing glands (lobules) and the ducts (the milk passages) while stromal tissues include fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast. The breast is also made up of lymphatic tissue-immune system tissue that removes cellular fluids and waste..

 

Breast Cancer Risk factors

# Age: Your chances of developing breast cancer increase with age. Close to 80 percent of breast cancers occur in women older than age 50. In your 30s, you have a one in 233 chance of developing breast cancer. By age 85, your chance is one in eight. # A personal history of breast cancer : If you’ve had breast cancer in one breast, you have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast. Symptoms of Breast Cancer

1. A lump or thickening in the breast or armpit.

2. A change in the size or shape of the breast.

3. Discharge from the nipple.

4. A change in the color or texture of the skin of the breast or areola (such as dimpling, puckering, or scaliness)…

Treatment of a Breast Cancer in India

Mastectomy in India Mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast. Surgery is presently the most common treatment for breast cancer. Following mastectomy, immediate or delayed breast reconstruction is possible in many instances.

Axillary Node Dissection in India

Axillary node dissection, the surgical removal of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, is usually performed on patients with invasive cancers. A radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy operation often includes axillary node dissection (this involves a separate incision for lumpectomy patients).

Chemotherapy in India

This section is intended to provide general information on chemotherapy for breast cancer patients and to discuss a variety of possible side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Because chemotherapy regimens are individually tailored, the types of drugs administered and their side effects will vary considerably…..

What is Cervical Cancer ?

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect a woman’s reproductive organs. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer….

 

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

* Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause

* Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor

* Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse……..

 

Risk factors of Causes of Cervical Cancer

# Many sexual partners : The greater your number of sexual partners — and the greater your partner’s number of sexual partners — the greater your chance of acquiring HPV. # Early sexual activity : Having sex before age 18 increases your risk of HPV. Immature cells seem to be more susceptible to the precancerous changes that HPV can cause.

Treatments of Cervical Cancer

Limited, noninvasive cancer

Treatment of cervical cancer that’s confined to the outside layer of the cervix typically requires treatment to remove the abnormal area of cells. For most women in this situation, no additional treatments are needed. Procedures to remove noninvasive cancer include: Cone biopsy (conization) Laser surgery Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) Cryosurgery Hysterectomy Invasive cancers

Cervical cancer that invades deeper than the outside layer of cells on the cervix is referred to as invasive cancer and requires more extensive treatment. Treatment for cervical cancer depends on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, other health problems you may have and your own preferences about treatment.

Surgery

Surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) is typically used to treat the early stages of cervical cancer. A simple hysterectomy involves the removal of the cancer, the cervix and the uterus. Simple hysterectomy is typically an option only when the cancer is very early stage — invasion is less than 3 millimeters (mm) into the cervix.

Radiation

Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be given externally using external beam radiation or internally (brachytherapy) by placing devices filled with radioactive material near your cervix. Radiation therapy is as effective as surgery for early-stage cervical cancer

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“We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.”

Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

Colorectal Cancer is related to the Colon Cancer or Rectal Cancer which includes cancerous growth in the colon, rectal, and appendix. Lilavati Medical Centre in India provides surgery for Colorectal Cancer patient at cost effective price, under experienced team of surgeons. Surgeons at Lilavati perform the surgery under modernized equipments to provide better treatment to their patients in order to make their patients more comfortable and to make them fit mentally and physically. Surgeons in India make it possible for every patient of Colorectal Cancer to have their surgery done easily and cure them thoroughly. Surgeons for the Colorectal Cancer are certified, professional, and experienced in performing the surgery. The cost of of Colorectal Cancer Surgery in India is also less as compared to the abroad medical institutions.

Colorectal Cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. It is the third most common form of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal Cancer is thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-shaped growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. The majority of the time, the diagnosis of localized colon cancer is through colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, which in many cases is followed by chemotherapy. Cancer of the colon and rectum also referred to as Colorectal Cancer can invade and damage adjacent tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away and spread to other parts of the body (such as liver and lung) where new tumours form. The spread of colon cancer to distant organs is called metastasis of the colon cancer. Once metastasis has occurred in colorectal cancer, a complete cure of the cancer is unlikely.

The symptoms can also be certain as -

Polyps – growth inside the colon and rectum that may become cancerous. A diet that is high in fat. A family history or personal history of colorectal cancer. Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease

The symptoms of Colorectal Cancer depend on the location of tumour in bowel and whether it has spread to elsewhere in the body metastasis. Most of the symptoms may occur in other diseases as well, and hence none of the symptoms mentioned here is diagnostic of colorectal cancer. Symptoms and signs are divided into local, constitutional affecting the whole body and metastatic caused by spread to other organs. Local symptoms are more likely if the tumour is located closer to the anus. There may be a change in bowel habit (new-onset constipation or diarrhoea in the absence of another cause), and a feeling of incomplete defecation (tenesmus) and reduction in diameter of stool; tenesmus and change in stool shape are both characteristic of rectal cancer. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, including the passage of bright red blood in the stool, may indicate Colorectal Cancer, as may the increased presence of mucus. Melena, black stool with a tarry appearance, normally occurs in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (such as from a duodenal ulcer) but is sometimes encountered in colorectal cancer when the disease is located in the beginning of the large bowel.

A tumour that is large enough to fill the entire lumen of the bowel may cause bowel obstruction. This situation is characterized by constipation, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension and vomiting. This occasionally leads to the obstructed and distended bowel perforating and causing peritonitis. Certain local effects of Colorectal Cancer occur when the disease has become more advanced. A large tumour is more likely to be noticed on feeling the abdomen, and it may be noticed by a doctor on physical examination. The disease may invade other organs, and may cause blood or air in the urine (invasion of the bladder) or vaginal discharge (invasion of the female reproductive tract). Colorectal cancer most commonly spreads to the liver. This may go unnoticed, but large deposits in the liver may cause jaundice and abdominal pain (due to stretching of the capsule). If the tumour deposit obstructs the bile duct, the jaundice may be accompanied by other features of biliary obstruction, such as pale stools. The following tests and procedures may be used:

Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken. Fecal occult blood test: A test to check stool (solid waste) for blood that can only be seen with a microscope. Small samples of stool are placed on special cards and returned to the doctor or laboratory for testing. Digital rectal exam: An exam of the rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual. Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure to look inside the rectum and sigmoid (lower) colon for polyps (small pieces of bulging tissue), abnormal areas, or cancer. Colonoscopy: A procedure to look inside the rectum and colon for polyps, abnormal areas, or cancer. A colonoscope is inserted through the rectum into the colon. Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer.

Indian hospitals are becoming known internationally for standards of health care delivery, success rates and service levels. India has the technology along with outstanding infrastructure and professional management, nurses and paramedical staff to take on international competition. Every year thousand of visitors are coming to India from around the world just for the medical check up and various types of surgery & treatment. Many people from the developed world come to India for the rejuvenation provided by Medical Tourism in India. Cost of key health care treatment is up to 30% low and cheapest in entire Southeast Asia. Colorectal Cancer Surgery in India is done at Lilavati Medical Centre under experienced and professional doctors with recreational packages provided by Medical Tourism in India.

Breast Cancer

Overview

Many breast cancers are sensitive to the hormone estrogen. This means that estrogen causes the breast cancer tumor to grow. Such cancer is called estrogen receptor positive cancer or ER positive cancer.

Some women have what’s called HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2 refers to a gene that helps cells grow, divide, and repair themselves. When cells have too many copies of this gene, cells – including cancer cells – grow faster. Experts think that women with HER2-positive breast cancer have a more aggressive disease and a higher risk of recurrence than those who do not have this type.

No one knows the exact causes of breast cancer. Doctors often cannot explain why one woman develops breast cancer and another does not. They do know that bumping, bruising, or touching the breast does not cause cancer. And breast cancer is not contagious. You cannot “catch” it from another person.

Research has shown that women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer.

A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Studies have found the following risk factors for breast cancer: -

* Age: – The chance of getting breast cancer goes up as a woman gets older. Most cases of breast cancer occur in women over 60. This disease is not common before menopause.

* Personal history of breast cancer: – A woman who had breast cancer in one breast has an increased risk of getting cancer in her other breast.

* Family history: – A woman’s risk of breast cancer is higher if her mother, sister, or daughter had breast cancer. The risk is higher if her family member got breast cancer before age 40.

Having other relatives with breast cancer (in either her mother’s or father’s family) may also increase a woman’s risk.

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Clinical breast exam : – Your health care provider feels each breast for lumps and looks for other problems. If you have a lump, your doctor will feel its size, shape, and texture. Your doctor will also check to see if it moves easily. Benign lumps often feel different from cancerous ones. Lumps that are soft, smooth, round, and movable are likely to be benign. A hard, oddly shaped lump that feels firmly attached within the breast is more likely to be cancer.

Diagnostic mammogram : – Diagnostic mammograms are x-ray pictures of the breast. They take clearer, more detailed images of areas that look abnormal on a screening mammogram. Doctors use them to learn more about unusual breast changes, such as a lump, pain, thickening, nipple discharge, or change in breast size or shape. Diagnostic mammograms may focus on a specific area of the breast. They may involve special techniques and more views than screening mammograms.

Ultrasound : – An ultrasound device sends out sound waves that people cannot hear. The waves bounce off tissues. A computer uses the echoes to create a picture. Your doctor can view these pictures on a monitor. The pictures may show whether a lump is solid or filled with fluid. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. Cysts are not cancer. But a solid mass may be cancer. After the test, your doctor can store the pictures on video or print them out. This exam may be used along with a mammogram.

Surgery for Breast Cancer Treatment

How is surgery used in breast cancer treatment?

Surgery to remove as much of the cancer as possible is the primary treatment for breast cancer. Today, women have many surgical options and choices. The type of surgery performed depends upon: -

* the size and location of the breast lump or tumor

* the type and stage of the breast cancer (If the cancer has spread within the breast or has spread outside of the breast to the lymph nodes, or to other parts of the body.)

* the size of the breast

* the woman’s preference There are several types of breast surgery. Your physician can explain the benefits and risks of each type, in addition to answering any questions or concerns you may have prior to surgery.

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We Care Core Values

“We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.” Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

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Prostate Cancer

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy in men over the age of 50. It is due to the abnormal proliferation of prostatic tissue cells. It is often a slow-growing cancer and remains localized at first. Later, it may extend as it spreads to nearby tissues and organs and then metastasizes to other more distant organs (lymph nodes, bones, lungs, etc.) via the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. Preventing such a development by early screening is a major public health issue, all the more so because as life expectancy increases, so does the frequency of this cancer.

Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells, fuelled by male hormones such as testosterone, grow uncontrollably to form tumors.

 

Causes of Prostate Cancer

The risk of prostate cancer increases steadily with age and it is rare in men under 50.

 

Your risk is higher if you have close relatives (a father, uncle or brother) who have had prostate cancer.

 

If several women in your family have had breast cancer (especially if they were diagnosed at less than 40 years of age) an inherited faulty gene may be present. The gene may also increase the risk of the men in that family getting prostate cancer.

 

If you are African-Caribbean or African-American you are at highest risk whereas if you are Asian, you are at lower risk.

 

A high fat diet may increase your risk.

 

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

problems urinating such as difficulty in starting to pass urine, a weak, sometimes intermittent flow of urine, dribbling of urine before and after urinating, a frequent or urgent need to pass urine or a need to get up several times in the night to urinate.

A feeling that your bladder is not completely empty.  Pain when you orgasm.  Rarely, blood in the urine.

 

Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and will examine you for Prostate Cancer. He or she may do some of the following tests or refer you to a hospital specialist (urologist) for them.

A digital rectal examination (DRE) is an examination of your prostate. Your doctor will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum and feel your prostate through the wall of your rectum. If there is prostate cancer it may feel harder than usual, or knobbly…

 

Treatment of Prostate Cancer in India

Your treatment for prostate cancer will depend on a number of factors such as your age and whether the cancer has spread and if so, how far. There are a number of treatments which are described below.

 

Active monitoring of Prostate Cancer : Sometimes, particularly for slow-growing tumors, no treatment is the best course of action. This is often called active monitoring or watchful waiting. Your condition will be monitored closely with routine check-ups. You can start treatment at any time and will be advised to do so if tests show the cancer is growing…

 

Surgery of Prostate Cancer in India : Newer techniques that are used for treating prostate cancer with radiotherapy include conformal radiotherapy (CRT) or high-resolution intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Conformal radiotherapy shapes the radiation beams to match the shape of the prostate. This reduces the radiation received by the healthy surrounding cells in…

 

Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in India : Newer techniques that are used for treating prostate cancer with radiotherapy include conformal radiotherapy (CRT) or high-resolution intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Conformal radiotherapy shapes the radiation beams to match the shape of the prostate.

 

Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer in India : Brachytherapy involves implanting radioactive seeds into, or next to, the tumour in your prostate. Radiation can be released slowly over time. The seeds lose their radioactivity over about a year. Brachytherapy is more effective if the tumour is small and you have early prostate cancer.

 

Hormone therapy for Prostate Cancer in India :  Hormone therapy blocks the action of male sex hormones that help cancer grow. This can slow the growth and spread of prostate tumors but will not kill the cancer cells…

 

New treatments for Prostate Cancer in India : There are new treatments being developed such as cryotherapy. This is surgery to freeze the prostate with liquid gas and kill cancer cells. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a treatment given using a machine that gives off high frequency sound waves. Some cancer cells die when this is focused directly onto them…

  

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We Care Core Values

We have a very simple business model that keeps you as the centre.

Having the industry's most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.