Cancer Surgery Abroad

 

Cancer Surgery

 

Cancer Surgery: Physically removing cancer

The prospect of cancer surgery may make you feel anxious. Put your mind at ease by learning more about cancer surgery and how and why it’s used.

 

Cancer surgery

An operation to repair or remove part of your body to diagnose or treat cancer — remains the foundation of cancer treatment. Your doctor may use cancer surgery to achieve any number of goals, from diagnosing your cancer to treating it to relieving the symptoms it causes. Cancer surgery may be your only treatment, or it may be supplemented with other treatments, such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and biological therapy.

 

How is cancer surgery used in treatment ?

Cancer prevention : – If there's reason to believe that you’ll develop cancer in certain tissues or organs, your doctor may recommend removing those tissues or organs before cancer develops.

 

Diagnosis : – Your doctor may use a form of cancer surgery to remove (biopsy) all or part of a tumor — allowing the tumor to be studied under a microscope — to determine whether the growth is cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign).

 

Staging : – Cancer surgery helps your doctor define how advanced your cancer is, called its stage. Surgery allows your doctor to evaluate the size of your tumor and determine whether it’s traveled to your lymph nodes.

 

Primary treatment : – For many tumors, cancer surgery is the best chance for a cure, especially if the cancer is localized and hasn’t spread. If there's evidence that your cancer hasn’t spread

 

Debulking : – When it’s not possible to remove all of a cancerous tumor — for example, because doing so may severely harm an organ — your doctor may remove as much as possible (debulking) in order to make chemotherapy or radiation more effective.

 

Relieving symptoms or side effects : – Sometimes surgery is used to improve your quality of life rather than to treat the cancer itself — for example, to relieve pain caused by a tumor that’s pressing on a nerve or bone or to remove a tumor that’s obstructing your intestine.

 

How is cancer surgery traditionally performed ?

Traditionally, the primary purpose of cancer surgery is to cure your cancer by physically removing all of it from your body. The surgeon usually does this by cutting into your body and removing the cancer along with some surrounding tissue to ensure that all of the cancer is removed. Your surgeon may also remove some lymph nodes in the area to determine if the cancer has spread. This helps your doctor assess the chance of your being cured, as well as the need for any further treatment.

 

What other techniques are used in cancer surgery ?

Many other types of surgical methods for treating cancer and precancerous conditions exist, and investigators are always researching new methods…

 

 

 

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Most cancers grow very slowly, silently eating away at your body,
before they manifest themselves.
In spite of claims by the National Cancer Institute of successful
treatment, after a cancer emerges, medicine is usually powerless.

Every time you are set at ease by statements of the cancer industry,
remember the rapid death of  Jaquline Kennedy Onassis of
lymphoma and Michael Landon of pancreatic cancer.
If there was an effective treatment anywhere in the world, don’t you
think such enormously rich people would have bought it?

So if a little of the right exercise can prevent cancer, it’s worth more
than all the gold in Fort Knox. And like all other good things in life…..
it’s totally free!

In my article about exercise to lower cholesterol, I referred to the
study of Dr. Kenneth Cooper who followed 13,344 men and women,
for fifteen years. After eliminating interfering factors, incidence of all
forms of cancer was closely correlated with lack of physical fitness.

Unfit men and women had 300% more change to develop cancer.
The fitter the subjects were, over five levels of fitness, the lower
their risk of cancer. But the best finding from this study is that you
have to move only a fraction out of couch potatoland to prevent
cancer big time.

“You don’t have to be a marathon runner. A half hour of exercise
four or five days per week can drop cancer risk dramatically,”
according to Dr. Carl Casperson of the Centers For Disease
Control in Atlanta.

There are numerous new studies showing that exercise inhibits
specific cancers. So I will restrict to two prominent examples,
one for women and one for men.

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the third
biggest cancer killer in America. More women are developing
and dying from breast cancer today than in the 1960′s, including
all other cancers of the female reproductive organs, like uterine
cancer and ovarian cancer.

Together they make 220,000 victims among the American women
ech year. It will be a winner for every woman if simple exercises
can help prevent such disaster.

In a major study , Dr. Rose Frisch and colleagues at the Harvard
School of Public Health, followed 5000 women college students.
Those who exercised from high school on had many fewer breast
cancers and reproductive system cancers than their inactive
class mates.This evidence is clear. Regular exercise can stop
female cancers cold.

The regulation of estrogen and other sex hormones is the major
mechanism, by which exercise prevents these cancers.
If left unchecked, can cause uncontrolled cell proliferation in the
female reproductive system.

It seems that women who exercise regularly are simply activating
an essential health mechanism in their bodies, designed to be
activated in just that way by the Almighty hand that created all
life on earth.

What about exercise and cancer in males? I like to use examples
of colon and rectal cancers, although these are also a leading
cause of cancer in women. Colo-rectal cancers are the second
leading caner category , with more than 155,000 new cases
every year. Red meats and animal fats are major causes, but
so is inactivity.

A large study measured the exercise levels and the resting heart
rates of 8000 men over 21 years. As I mentioned in my previous
articles, resting heart rate is a good measure of fitness and
provides a good check on reported exercise. The risk of colon
and rectal cancers was directly correlated with heart rate.

An even larger study tracked 17,000 Harvard students for 25 years.
Subjects who were highly active, burning 2500 calories or more
i exercise each week, showed only half the risk of colon cancer
as their inactive fellow students.

The mechanism by which exercise probably prevents colo-rectal
cancers is simple and also part of the human design.
Exercise naturally promotes regular bowel movements and
increases the speed of excretion of food wastes.

As a result it reduces time for carcinogen formation and also
prevents prolonged contact between carcinogens and intestinal
walls. In our constipated society that spends a whopping
$700 million per year on harmful (oops! “gentle, safe and soothing”)
laxatives, this kind of evidence should be a wake up call to exercise.

These studies are just a fraction of the mass of intense research in
respected medical journals, proving that exercise prevents cancer.
But nowhere in any of the public advice hand-outs from the National
Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society mention exercise
as a means of preventing cancer.

Unlike pharmaceuticals and medical treatment, exercise is free
of course and available to everyone. So it garners no grants,
solicits no ads and makes no obscene profits.

In the American Cancer Society’s professional journal, called CA
for example, a new analyses of risk factors for breast cancer
includes everything. From residence in northern states to socio
economic class, except couch potatoism.

Anyone less trusting than I might suspect that geniuses who
populate our health agencies, are either far too brilliant to bother
with lowly scientific research, or they dance to more moving music.
“One-step, two-step, I’ll scratch you-step, if you’ll scratch me-step,
Tee Hee Hee-step.” 

 

A diagnosis of cancer can be very frightening, and the best way is conquer fear is through greater knowledge of the topic. To find reputable health related resources online including cancer information like early detection, prevention, treatment, new research advances and more visit the American Cancer Society at www.cancer.org, dedicated to “eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing suffering.” This site is educational and easy to navigate; there is plenty of comprehensive information on specific cancer topics discussing common types of cancer including bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, melanoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer (non-melanoma), and thyroid cancer, in addition to causes, treatments, coping, drug information, and clinical trials.

The National Cancer Institute of the United States National Institutes of Health located online at www.cancer.gov features accurate, up-to-date, comprehensive cancer information from the United State government’s principal agency for cancer research. Find common types of cancer listed by types in A-Z format, by body location and system, childhood cancers, women’s cancers, clinical trial results, educational materials, and other cancer topics including treatment, prevention, genetics, causes, screening and testing, coping with cancer, smoking and cancer, cancer health disparities, fact sheets, and more. This site discusses types of cancer treatment, and cancer drugs including specific drugs approved to treat cancer or conditions related to cancer, and updates on new drug development and approval. Complementary and alternative medicine, like healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies are popular options, and can be used in addition to or instead of conventional cancer treatment as well.  

Learn about cancer treatment trials that are of potential benefit to you or a loved one and use this information to help decide whether or not to participate. Also find good suggestions for choosing a physician and cancer treatment facility, national Cancer Institute supported cancer centers, after care treatment like follow-up medical care, physical and emotional changes, changes in social relationships, and workplace issues. You can also access breast cancer information, lung cancer information, and more general information on cancer online at www.cancer-info.com, an extensive cancer website offering unbiased support and information regarding all types of cancer and chemotherapy options, cancer research advances, continuing medical education and more. Take this new found knowledge and use it to beat cancer; get a new perspective and a new outlook on life.

Get treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer in India under expert surgeons at the world class hospitals of Mumbai and Chennai. India is now being recognized as one of the leaders in medical field of research and treatment. Indian hospitals now offer the best treatment for gallbladder cancer. Indian cancer specialists are highly qualified and are trained from abroad and have ample experience. Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer in India is done at cities like Mumbai and Chennai in hospitals having state of art operation theatres using sterile techniques, complete range of sophisticated instruments and above all meticulous care during surgery avoiding complications.Surgeonsin India work as a team sharing patient care and expertise to provide the highest standard of healthcare

 

What is Small Cell Lung Cancer?

When cells of the lung start growing rapidly in an uncontrolled manner, the condition is called lung cancer. Lung cancer can affect any part of the lung. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both women and men in the United States, Canada and China.  Two main types of lung cancer that exists are: Small-cell lung cancer and Non-small-cell lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 20-25% of all cases of lung cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer differs from non-small-cell lung cancer in the following ways:

Small-cell lung cancer grows rapidly.
Small-cell lung cancer spreads quickly.
Small-cell lung cancer responds well to chemotherapy (using medications to kill cancer cells) and radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells).
Small-cell lung cancer is frequently associated with distinct paraneoplastic syndromes (collection of symptoms that result from substances produced by the tumor, occurring far away from the tumor).

Symptoms of Small Cell Lung Cancer

The symptoms of Small cell lung cancer can result from local growth of the tumor, spread to nearby areas, distant spread, paraneoplastic syndromes or a combination thereof.

Symptoms due to local growth of the tumor include the following:

Cough
Coughing up blood
Shortness of breath
Chest pain made worsened by deepbreathing

Symptoms due to spread of the cancer to nearby areas include the following:

Hoarseness of voice, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the vocal cords
Shortness of breath, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the muscles of the diaphragm or severe shortness of breath and stridor (sound produced by turbulent flow of air through a narrowed part of therespiratory tract), resulting from compression of the trachea (windpipe) and larger bronchi (airways of the lung)
Difficulty swallowing, resulting from compression of the esophagus (food pipe)
Swelling of the face and hands, resulting from compression of thesuperior vena cava (vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body)

Treatment options for Small Cell Lung Cancer

Surgery: Surgery may not be possible if the Small cell lung cancer is too close to the trachea or if the person has other serious conditions (such as severe heart or lung disease) that would limit their ability to tolerate an operation. Surgery for Small cell lung cancer is a major surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia, hospitalization and follow-up care for weeks to months. Following the surgical procedure, patients may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, pain and weakness. The risks of surgery include complications due to bleeding, infection and complications of general anesthesia. Surgery is less often performed with Small cell lung cancer because these tumors are less likely to be localized to one area that can be removed. The surgical procedure chosen depends upon the size and location of the tumor. Surgeons must open the chest wall and may perform a wedge resection of the lung (removal of a portion of one lobe), a lobectomy (removal of one lobe) or a pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung). Sometimes lymph nodes in the region of the lungs also are removed (lymphadenectomy).

Chemotherapy:Chemotherapy uses powerful medications to kill Small cell lung cancer cells. These medications may be taken by mouth (orally), but they are usually injected into a vein (IV). Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment because the medications enter the bloodstream, travel throughout the body and kill cancer cells wherever they are. However, some normal cells are also killed. This is responsible for some of the side effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is usually given at intervals to ensure that the bone marrow has recovered before the next dose of chemotherapy is given.

Follow-up
Patients who are receiving chemotherapy require close monitoring for side effects and their response to therapy.
A blood workup, including CBC (completeblood count), is needed prior to each cycle of chemotherapy to ensure that the bone marrow has recovered before the next dose of chemotherapy is given.
Kidney function should be monitored, especially if the patient is taking cisplatin, as it can damage the kidneys.
The patient may be advised to undergo a CT scan after 2 cycles of therapy to assess response to the therapy.
If the patient’s serum LDH (lactic dehydrogenase, an enzyme found in the blood that may indicate cancer when blood levels are higher than normal) is elevated before the start of therapy, it is a goodmarker for response and should be monitored.

Why India?

Indian surgeons are pioneer in conducting treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer in India and that is the reason international patients prefer the treatment of lung Cancer in India. Medical tourism in India provides integrated travel & tourism services with trust, integrity and creativity by anticipating emerging trends in the industry. Planning and coordination, travel arrangements, concierge services and personal attention are an integral part of the benefits provided by medical tourism in India. For more details on Small Cell Lung Cancer in India, visit us at www.forerunnershealthcare.com or you can E-mail us at – enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com or you may call on – 0091-98607-55000 / 0091-937-1136-499

Cancer is a disease that causes cells to divide uncontrollably and even attack surrounding cells. Cancer cells are capable of spreading from the site of origin to other parts of the body via the blood and lymph system.

Cancerous cells grow and multiply to form tumors. All tumors are not strong enough to spread to other parts of the body. The ones capable of spreading are called malignant cancers. Some cancers like leukemia do not form tumors. Cancer doctors treat malignant tumors as soon as they are detected, else they can prove to be lethal.

Though the various cancer names stem from the site of origin, cancer doctors classify cancers in a different manner. Carcinoma is a cancer of skin or tissues lining or covering the internal organs. Sarcoma is the cancer of bone, fat, cartilage, blood vessels or connective tissue, whereas leukemia is the cancer of blood forming tissue. Lymphoma is the cancer that begins in the immune system and cancer that begins in the brain and spinal cord tissues is central nervous system cancer.

Causes

Smoking, though not the only cause, is definitely related to cancer of lungs, mouth, throat, bladder and kidney. Too much sun exposure and exposure to hazardous chemicals classified as carcinogens can cause melanoma, the cancer of skin and other cancers.

Radiation is also a cause of cancer. In very rare cases, radiation for one type of cancer can cause another cancer later in life. Heredity is another factor that causes cancer due to inherited genes. In very rare cases, skin cancer develops in burn scars many years after the burn injury has healed.

Prevention

Giving up tobacco and alcohol can help prevent not only certain types of cancers but many other diseases also. It is never too late to give up tobacco in all forms to reduce the risk of cancer. Skin cancer can be avoided by keeping away from strong sunlight and using adequate SPF.

Having less of red meat and processed meat is also helpful as cancer doctors have found that red meat like beef and pork and processed meat like bacon are related to cancer risks. Plan a healthy diet that keeps you fit and healthy as well as boosts immunity.

Regular screenings are also important. Women can conduct self breast examination regularly as well as get a Pap Smear test, especially if they have a family history of breast cancer,cervical cancer or ovarian cancer.

Treatment

The three main treatments available for cancer are surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. All of these are successful in removing cancerous tissues as well as eliminating the chances or recurrence, provided the cancer is detected well in time. There are some side effects of radiation and chemotherapy which are temporary and much easier to deal with than the cancer itself.

Other treatments for cancer include hormone therapy, bone marrow transplant and immunotherapy. These are generally given along with surgery to ensure faster healing.