The effect of caffeine consumption on birth weight and duration of pregnancy has been the subject of numerous epidemiological studies in recent years. Major sources of caffeine are coffee, black tea, maté, chocolate/cocoa, and cola soft drinks. It has also been estimated that nearly 200 non-prescription drugs contain caffeine, and this may be an important [...]

This report contains the most current teenage pregnancy, birth and abortion statistics available, with national estimates through 2006, and state-level estimates through 2005. The report includes tables showing annual national rates and numbers of teenage pregnancies, births and abortions through 2006; state-level rates of pregnancy, birth and abortion in 2005; and state-level numbers of teenage [...]

Type 1 diabetes is among the most common chronic diseases with onset in childhood. The disease results from destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets and is characterized by a preclinical phase of islet autoimmunity (1). The majority of case subjects with type 1 diabetes carry HLA-DR and HLA-DQ susceptibility alleles, but these [...]

Newcastle disease First identified in Newcastle in 1926 Mortality up to 100% in chickens Widespread in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America In USA, sporadic Newcastle disease (ND) occur due to importationof infected birds. In 2002 ND outbreak in California, four million birds were depopulated and cost the U.S. billions of dollars in damage and lost trade. NDV is a threat [...]